مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 65، آذر و دی 1394)

Regular exercise training is an effective nonpharmacological strategy in the prevention of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of 8 weeks regular swimming exercise intervention on the cardiac levels of Matrix mettaloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1) in diabetic rats.
Twenty eight male Wistar rats with were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 rats per group) of control, diabetes, exercise, diabetes-exercise. Diabetes induced whit alloxan (90 mg/k g, intraperitoneally, ip) in rats. The animals exercised by swimming training at 5 min to 30 min per day, five days a week over 8 weeks. The rats were killed 72 h after the last treatments and cardiac MMP-2 activity and TGF- β1 levels were evaluated by Zymography and ELIZA method. A one-way analysis of variance was used to data analysis (P The results showed that the inducing of diabetes resulted in a significant increase in the levels of cardiac TGF-β1 (P It seems that regular swimming exercise may have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac injury by suppressing elevation the levels of TGF-β1 and upregulation of MMP-2 activity.

sea urchins belonging to phylum echinoderms of marine invertebrates them found to possess excellent. Diabetes mellitus, metabolic diseases most prevalent in the world with a group of metabolic disorders characterized by different degrees is the first increase in blood glucose levels. The aim of the present research was undertaken to study the anti- diabetes activity of different extracts, coelomic fluid and pigments shells and spines of sea urchin of Echinodermata mathaei.
Isolation of different tissues extracts (spine, shell, gonad and aristotol lantern) sea urchin by three solvents (n- hexan, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Isolation coelomic fluid by buffered mode and pigments shell and spine by HCl of sea urchin anti-diabetes activity investigated through inhibition α- Amylase enzyme.
According to the results of the study, coelomic fluid (CF), coelomocyte lysate and shell pigment of sea urchin highest activity in the anti-diabetes methods. Significant differences were observed at P The result of this research indicated that sea urchin of E. mathaei due to the high antioxidant activity, as well as, flavonoid compounds, have anti- diabetes activities too.

One of the most common complications of Diabetic Polyneuropathy (DPN) is decreased balance and Postural Control disorder. Balance has an important role in static and dynamic activities as a base of activities of daily living. The objective of this study was the evaluation and comparison of dynamic and functional balance in patients with DPN and healthy subjects.
In this study, dynamic and functional balance of 11diabetic patients with DPN (detected by Michigan questionnaire) and 11 healthy subjects were evaluated by Biodex Balance System (BBS) and Tandem Stance (TS) test in open and closed eyes conditions. The participants were matched by age and BMI. An independent t-test was used to compare balance parameters between patient and normal group. Furthermore, the correlation between dynamic balance parameters of BBS and TS tests were calculated using the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient.
The results of BBS in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were significantly higher than normal subjects (P Older adults with DPN have an impaired functional balance in comparison with matched control subjects and this may expose the patients to danger of falling during daily activities.

Thyroid cancer is the most common form of endocrine cancer. The age and gender-adjusted incidence of thyroid cancer has increased faster than that of any other malignancy in recent years, with the increased incidence seen in both genders, all ethnic backgrounds and all sizes of thyroid cancer. It appears that the rise in thyroid cancer incidence is not only due to medical surveillance and improved disease detection. In Iran, also scattered studies had been accomplished in different provinces and requirement to more attention and planning for thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer’s control and prevention requires to the evidence–based strategies in different population groups based on national and provincial comprehensive studies on the prevalence and incidence. Thus we aimed to provide the comprehensive information about thyroid cancer prevalence and trend in national, provincial levels among Iranian population.
In this study we used some steps respectively to show how thyroid cancer prevalence changes in 1990 to 2010 between different provinces. We aggregate cancer registry data set by province, age categorized, gender and merge with other national covariates that were gathered in Iran. Then, linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to modeling and predicting for other provinces and years.
Mean of thyroid cancer prevalence displayed that prevalence increased with increase in years especially more rapidly from 2002-2010 the prevalence rates were estimated to be (0.0-0.25) and (4.2-13.7) per 100000 in 1990 and 2010 respectively and increased in both females and males. Female to male ratio was 2.5. Highest prevalence thyroid cancer were in four provinces of Iran, Isfahan (mean rate 4.3 per 100000), Yazd (mean rate 4.1 per 100000), Tehran (mean rate 4 per 100000) and Qazvin (mean rate 3.1 per 100000) respectively.
Iran map displayed with increase in years, thyroid cancer prevalence become larger. Additional research on the risk factors for thyroid cancer is needed to explain the difference of thyroid cancer prevalence between provinces.

Omentin-1 is recognized as new Adipokine that mostly is excreted from visceral fatty tissue. Circulating levels of Omentin-1 are inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the present study on two training methods of endurance and resistance on Omentin-1 levels of plasma and factors related to obesity and overweight in obese girls, respectively.
Thirty four obese and overweight girls (BMI>25) were chosen purposefully then they were categorized at random to three endurance group (n=12), resistance group (n=12) and control (n=10). A total of 8 weeks of endurance and resistance training and endurance training was 4 times a week with 65 to 80 percent of HRmax and intensity resistance training was 65-80% of 1RM. Phlebotomizing was done at various stages with similar conditions and plasma Omentin-1 levels by ELISA method was measured. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and related t tests for studying the changes within the ANOVA and LSD post Hoc test for comparison between groups at the significance level of p The results showed a significant increase Omentin-1 in both the experimental group (p endurance =0.001, p resistance =0.004) and reduce factors associated with obesity such as weight (p endurance =0.003, p resistance =0.005), fat mass body (p endurance =0.001, p resistance =0.001), BMI (p endurance =0.002, p resistance =0.004) and WHR (p endurance =0.011, p resistance =0.013) in both experimental groups after 8 weeks of training (p It can be stated that both endurance and resistance practices after 8 weeks of training, to improve factors related to obesity, maximal oxygen uptake and increased plasma levels Omentin-1 was.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Belief related to Rejection of Insulin injection among type 2 diabetic patients based on Health Belief Model (HBM).
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 diabetic patients referred to Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center who were recruited with available sampling method. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographic characteristics, and HBM construct. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16 using coefficient correlation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis statistics.
The maximum scores of Participants in perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action was 66/95%, 60/7%, 59/95%, 51/97%, 68/04%, 74/74%respectively. Results showed that, in diabetic patients (II) require insulin level Susceptibility, severity and perceived benefits were intermediate, and the barriers to acceptance of insulin therapy were more.
Preparing training packages for promoting knowledge and self-efficacy and removing related berries of insulin therapy acceptance in diabetic patients are necessary.

The aim of this study was to identify major dietary patterns in Iranian adults and their associations with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
This nested case-control study was conducted among 698 women and men with a mean age of 43.6 ± 12.0 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Among participants who were free of T2DM at baseline and developed T2DM during follow-up examinations, individuals with dietary intakes data were considered as cases. Each case was matched to three T2DM free controls on sex, age, and the date of blood drawing. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis and odds ratios of T2DM were estimated using conditional logistic regression.
In this study, three major dietary patterns were identified. After adjusting for diabetes risk factors, 1-SD increase in score of the dietary pattern characterized by high intake of whole grain, legumes, egg, and red meat (traditional dietary pattern) was associated with reduced risk of T2DM (OR : 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99).
A whole grain and legumes based dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of T2DM in Iranian population.